Abstract The dwarf pequi tree, Caryocar brasiliense subsp. intermedium, is extremely restricted to ecological niches in the Cerrado biome. Thus, understanding the conditioning factors of the micro-endemism of this sub-species through its spatial distribution and the physical-chemical attributes of the soil was the objective of this research. The research was carried out in a fragment of rupestrian field. The area was divided into quadrants in which the number of pequi trees was quantified and the physicochemical characteristics of the soil were determined. The modeling of semivariograms was performed using semivariances, and ordinary kriging was used for spatial interpolation of variables with spatial dependence. The number of pequi trees, the altitude, the remaining phosphorus and the humidity showed a strong degree of spatial dependence, unlike the pH, the calcium and the magnesium, all of which had a pure nugget effect. The other variables showed a moderate degree of spatial dependence. The greater availability of bases (SB > 0.1 cmolc dm-3) and phosphorus (> 1.05 mg dm-3), the reduced percentage of moisture (< 5%) and low potential acidity (< 4.0 cmolc dm-3) were the factors positively related to the establishment and development of the dwarf pequi tree in the area.

ABSTRACT An adequate combination of factors involved in the technology used for phytosanitary product application contributes to an efficient spray deposition on the target. The objective of this study was to use multivariate analysis to characterize the magnitude of effects and the order of influence of three factors that interfere with the quality of phytosanitary product application in coffee plants. An entirely randomized design was adopted, with four repetitions, using a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with two classes of droplets quality (fine and coarse), two application rates (250 and 400 L ha-1), and the use of adjuvants (with no adjuvant or with Fighter®and Aureo® adjuvants). The quality of the application was determined by jointly analyzing the spray deposition on three thirds of leaves, in their internal and external layers, the runoff to soil, coverage, droplet density, relative amplitude, and the volumetric median diameter. The results underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA) to measure the effect sizes (η2). After testing the assumptions of multivariate analysis, clustering and principal component analyses were performed. The class of droplets was found to be the most influential factor in the quality of the phytosanitary product application (spray deposition and runoff to soil). When focusing on spray deposition on leaves, the second-most influential factor was the application rate and the relation between the application rate and the adjuvants. For the other variables, the second-most influential factor was the application rate.

Dorstenia cayapia Vellozo (Moraceae), popularmente conhecida por carapiá, é uma espécie primitiva do ponto de vista geológico e ao mesmo tempo evoluída do ponto de vista de estruturas morfológicas; com amplo uso medicinal é pouco estudada quanto à sua capacidade reprodutiva. Diante disso, e pelo fato de Dorstenia cayapia ser uma espécie ameaçada de extinção, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o potencial da espécie para propagação por sementes por meio de seus atributos biológicos e tecnológicos. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 sendo o primeiro fator correspondente à temperatura (constante em 25ºC e alternada 20-30ºC) e o segundo fator ao substrato (vermiculita, papel mata-borrão e papel de filtro), com quatro repetições de 20 sementes por parcela. O uso dos substratos vermiculita e papel mata-borão à temperatura de 25ºC aumentaram o percentual de plântulas normais e de sementes germinadas. A germinação das sementes tornou-se mais lenta quando as sementes foram dispostas em papel de filtro, assim como se tornaram mais assíncronas nesse substrato. A temperatura alternada 20-30ºC atrasou o início do processo de germinação das sementes de carapiá.

Dorstenia cayapia Vellozo (Moraceae), popularly known as carapiá, is a primitive species from the geological point of view but well evolved from the point of view of morphological structures; of large medicinal use, this plant reproductive capacity was not well studied . Since this species is threatened with extinction, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of its seeds by their biological and technological attributes. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with a factorial 2x3 scheme, in which the first factor was the temperature (constant of 25ºC and alternated 20-30ºC) and the second factor was the substrate (vermiculite, rolled paper and filter paper), with four replications of 20 seeds per plot. The use of the substrates vermiculite and rolled paper at 25ºC increased the percentage of normal seedlings and germinated seeds. The seeds germination was slower when they were placed on filter paper, and it was more asynchronous in this substrate. Additionally, the alternating temperature 20-30ºC delayed the beginning of the germination of Dorstenia cayapia seeds.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a produtividade das cultivares de cenoura Alvorada e Carandaí em diferentes densidades de plantio utilizando-se adubações química e orgânica, visando a produção de matéria-prima para o processamento de cenouretes e catetinhos. Foram utilizadas as densidades: 16; 20; 24; 28 e 32 plantas por metro linear, sendo as parcelas compostas por 10 linhas transversais ao sentido do canteiro, com 1 m de comprimento entre si. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2x2x5 (duas cultivares, dois tipos de adubação e cinco densidades de plantio) com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: peso total de raízes, estimativa de produtividade, comprimento de raízes, raízes com diâmetro menor que 3,0 cm (%), raízes com ombro verde (%), sobras para o processamento (%), descarte (%) e severidade da queima das folhas. A colheita foi feita aos 104 dias após o plantio. O peso total de raízes e raízes com diâmetro inferior a 3,0 cm não foram influenciados pelo tipo de adubação. O aumento da densidade reduziu a produção de raízes com diâmetro superior a 3,0 cm e o comprimento médio das raízes. Quando utilizou-se adubação química ocorreu maior presença de raízes com ombro verde e a cultivar Alvorada apresentou as maiores porcentagens de raízes com esta característica.

In this research the yield of Alvorada and Carandaí carrot cultivars was verified, under different planting densities, submitted to organic and chemical fertilization, aiming to obtain roots with adequate characteristics for cenourete production (similar to baby carrot) and catetinho (mini ball form). Five planting densities were used: 16; 20; 24; 28 and 32 plants m-1) with four replications, in a total of 80 plots of 10 lines spaced 0,25 m from each other. The total root weight, average root length, roots with smaller diameter than 3,0 cm (%), roots with green superior part (%),leftovers for processing (%),discard (%) and the severity of leaf blight were evaluated. Plants were harvested 104 days after sowing. Total root weight and percentage of root diameter smaller than 3,0 cm were not influenced by the type of fertilization. Increasing the planting density resulted in a reduction of the root weight with a diameter over 3,0 cm as well as in the root length, independently of the cultivar. Using chemical fertilization resulted in more roots with green shoulder independently of the employed cultivar; but Alvorada presented higher percentages of green shoulder.